Theory

This section deals with calculations of the coupled heat and water fluxes of frozen soils. In the first part, the heat balance will be discussed with emphasis on the procedure of the latent and sensible heat partitioning during a phase change. In the second part, the water movement in frozen soil layers and at the boundaries of the frozen soil will be assessed.

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Heat flux in frozen soils

Sensible and latent heat content of a partially frozen soil

Upper boundary conditions for a partially frozen soil

Thermal conductivity - partially frozen soil

Frost boundary

Influence of ice on water flows

Frost heaving